Soviet military aircraft used vacuum tubes not because of EMP, but, rather that their technology couldn't produce solid state equivalents. The US and NATO kept an embargo against shipping such to Russia. In one case, the Soviets purchased numerous games with a desired solid state device and shipped them to a dummy company in Sweden. The games were cannibalized for the parts, which were smuggled into Russia. Swedish police raided the warehouse. They found the destroyed games.
Soviets deployed numerous different models of ICBMs. Western intelligence assumed this meant they were deploying new and advanced models. After the fall of the Soviet Union, it was discovered that different models were deployed as they smuggled in different solid state items. The number of devices smuggled in determined the number of rockets built -- so many devices were required for experimentation, so many for deployed rockets and so many as spares.
Once Russia was allowed to import such, they sent a list to IBM of parts they desired. IBM declined the order -- the parts were so old the few remaining were sent to the Smithsonian.