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Video on Pat Robertson: Haiti had pact with devil.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQ4dA6kZsEs




Pat Robertson Haiti comments: French view theory with disbelief
Pat Robertson said the Haiti earthquake was God's punishment for Haitian slaves' 'pact with the devil' to win freedom from France. But many French noted that Haiti's revolution was inspired by France's and considered an early exercise in self-determination.
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http://www.csmonitor.com/World...heory-with-disbelief
''Freedom of the press is not an end in itself but a means to the end of [achieving] a free society.”
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This is a reprint from Professor Juan Coles Blog "informed Comment."

Pat Robertson's Racist Blaming of Haitian Victims

http://readersupportednews.org...g-of-haitian-victims



Wednesday, January 13, 2010

Pat Robertson's Racist Blaming of Haitian Victims; and the Televangelist Misuse of History

h/t Daily Kos: Evangelist Pat Robertson manages to blame Haitians for the earthquake, instead of a shift in tectonic plates:



And you know Christy, something happened a long time ago in Haiti and people might not want to talk about it. They were under the heel of the French, uh you know Napoleon the third and whatever. And they got together and swore a pact to the devil. They said we will serve you if you'll get us free from the French. True Story, and so the Devil said OK it's a deal. And they kicked the French out. You know, the Haitians revolted and got themselves free. But ever since they've been cursed by one thing after the other desperately poor. That island is Hispaniola is one island. It's cut down the middle. On one side is Haiti on the other side is the Dominican republic. Dominican Republic is prosperous, healthy, full of resorts, etc.. Haiti is in desperate poverty. Same island.


The video is here

It is of course morally despicable for Robertson to blame a horrific earthquake on the supposed misdeeds of the distant ancestors of the current victims! But then, he blamed the September 11 atrocity on the United States, as well. I have nothing against evangelicals in general, and I know that televangelists are peculiar in typically not being under any church authority and so they can hold very strange views. But the Robertson type of evangelicalism strikes me as a social pathology that is actively evil and damaging to rational ethical thinking in our republic.

So what in the world is Pat Robertson talking about? Presumably he is referring to the Haitian Revolution of the 1790s through independence in 1804. The latter part of the revolution was against Napoleon Bonaparte, not against his nephew Napoleon III (r. as emperor 1852-1870). So Robertson was off by a mere 50 or 60 years.

As Charles Tilly pointed out, all revolutions are multiple revolutions. The Rights of Man were declared by the French Convention in 1789. Thomas Jefferson and other US Founding Fathers were delighted about this, by the way. Initially it was the mixed-race free mulattoes who agitated to have the Rights of Man applied to them in Haiti. But then slave revolts broke out and by 1794 the French legislature had abolished slavery in French overseas territories. So you had urbane, French-speaking free persons of color demanding inclusion in the new liberties proclaimed by the French Republic. But you also had slave revolts, in which newly-arrived slaves from West Africa (places such as what is now Benin) participated--though the organization was probably supplied by longer-established slaves. The newly-arrived slaves had after all been free Africans not so long ago. Despite the efforts of French orders such as the Dominicans and Capuchins, many slaves had still not become Christians or wore their Christianity very lightly. Some proportion of the slaves was Muslim, and some historians have suggested that previous slave revolts were led by Muslims. Over time, Muslim Africans were forcibly converted to Catholicism.

So some of the slave revolts invoked African religion against white French colonial power. What many now call voodoo or voudoun is a Haitian version of religious traditions roughly from what is now Benin, Togo, Nigeria and the Congo. The word just means spirit. The African slave religious traditions were expressed in Creole or Kreyole, based on Kwa dialects but incorporating elements of French.

One of the [pdf, p. 223] first major events of the Haitian revolution unfolded thusly: "In 1791 Boukman Dutty, a Vodou priest and one of the leaders of the first wave of slave uprisings in the North of Haiti, led a ceremony in the now-famous Bois-Caïman that launched the revolution and inspired slave revolutionaries to begin destroying plantations." The ceremony allegedly involved the sacrifice of a pig and use of pig blood and a sermon that invoked the good God of African religion to give the slaves liberty and condemned the evil God of the white slave-owners. It has been argued that this event has been mythologized in subsequent Haitian history-writing.

The traditional account is here.

The slave revolts informed by voudoun, however, were only one of a number of rebellions in the 1790s. An influence was felt among intellectuals of French Deism and anticlericalism and the privileges of the Catholic Church were abolished. In the north of the country, mass stopped being said.

But revolutionary leader Toussaint L'Ouverture restored the privileges of the Church in in 1800. Subsequent cultural and political struggles after independence in 1804 (which was accompanied by a massacre or expulsion of French whites after Napoleon's invasion force was defeated, causing an exodus of Catholic priests) again constrained the Church, though a concordat was reached in 1860.

So Robertson's account sees the assertion of African religion in 1791 against slaving Christianity as a 'pact with the devil' that then led Haiti to be cursed ever after. But even in his own terms, how does he account for the multiple steps by subsequent Haitian states reinstating privileges for Christianity? Even if he does not count Catholicism as Christianity, what about the fact that about a quarter of Haitians are now evangelical Protestants? Didn't the earthquake hit them? And, why is West Africa where the initial African version of voudoun originated and is still practiced by a minority, among the least earthquake-prone regions in the world?

Ultimately, Robertson's version of Haitian history as cursed replicates the old racist anti-Black 'curse of Ham' theme in White American popular religion. Is he saying that Haitians had less right to revolt against European colonialism than did white Americans? (Only about 16% of colonial-era Americans belonged to a church, so it isn't as if they were more pious). And, ultimately, his account fails to deal with the sins of slavery and racism in which Southern US Christian traditions-- Baptism, evangelicalism, etc., were deeply implicated. There is a Southern Baptist church to this day, almost all-white, precisely because it split from the national organization to protect the enslavement of African-Americans.

Evil and the devil are tricky. Robertson projected them on a revolt of African slaves asserting their African traditions against oppressive white colonial society. But they lurk in the traditions of his 700 Club, in the exaltation of irrationality, in blaming the victim, in a subtext of racism, and in a failure to repent for White Christian enslavement of Africans for centuries.
Wrong! Glover's exact words were: ""What happened in Haiti could happen to anywhere in the Caribbean because all these island nations are in peril because of global warming," Glover said. "When we see what we did at the climate summit in Copenhagen, this is the response, this is what happens, you know what I'm sayin'?"

As he isn't a responsible individual, I suppose he should be given the same slack one would give a child, versus Robertson who poses as a responsible person.
quote:
Originally posted by Freida:
Glover comment.

The discussion was in regard to relief for those impacted by natural calamity. He seems to put in global warming in the natural calamity category. I did not hear him say that global warming caused earthquakes as has been reported by some.


Even if one were to read between the lines and assume he did, science is on his side. The Earth Fights Back

The Heat is On
The whole notion of "global warming" and "climate change" being caused by man has one fatal flaw in its logic: how do they explain the ice age that ended about 10,000 years ago? There were no SUV's, coal powered plants, nor domestic cattle that could have caused the ice age to end.

Moreover, how do they explain the fact that Mars has also went through a recent warming spell?

I will give you the explanation that Sir Ockham himself would be very proud of: this is being caused by fluctuations in solar radiation. In other words, it's the sun, stupid.
quote:
Originally posted by MOBY:
quote:
Originally posted by Freida:
Glover comment.

The discussion was in regard to relief for those impacted by natural calamity. He seems to put in global warming in the natural calamity category. I did not hear him say that global warming caused earthquakes as has been reported by some.


Even if one were to read between the lines and assume he did, science is on his side. The Earth Fights Back

The Heat is On


There are no submarine volcanoes in the Caribbean. Therefore, the scenario can't apply.
quote:
Originally posted by justice:
It was an earthquake and i feel sorry for the victims and families but how can a Dummy like Robertson blame it on GOD or THE DEVIL.That's as dumb as saying god let the colts win a ball game,If there is a god he aint worried about anything going on here on earth now.


You are needed over in the religion forum my friend.
Well, I shall hold myself up to public ridicule.

It's easy to sneer and jeer. For the sake of conversation, if nothing else, let's take a look at some of the work that has been done in the field. It extends from the
current time back for years.

The earthquake was no surprise.



THE DANNY GLOVER INTERVIEW

FIRST PART of interview called for U.S. and international aid and cooperation.

SECOND PART:

"And I hope we seize this particular moment because what has happened to
Haiti is a threat that could happen any where in the Caribbean to these island
nations, you know." */**

They are all in peril because of global warming. They are all in peril because
of climate change, and we need to (garble). ***

When we did what we did to the Climate Summit in Copenhagen****, this is
a response*****, this is what happens, you know that we have to act now.


FOR CONSIDERATION:
http://www.newscientist.com/ar...-climate-change-may-
trigger-earthquakes-and-volcanoes.html?full=true

Climate change may trigger earthquakes and volcanoes
23 September 2009 by Richard Fisher
Magazine issue 2727. Subscribe and get 4 free issues.

FAR from being the benign figure of mythology, Mother Earth is short-tempered
and volatile. So sensitive in fact, that even slight changes in weather and climate
can rip the planet's crust apart, unleashing the furious might of volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes and landslides.

That's the conclusion of the researchers who got together last week in London at
the conference on Climate Forcing of Geological and Geomorphological Hazards.
It suggests climate change could tip the planet's delicate balance and unleash a
host of geological disasters....



NOTES*:

*http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100114143321.htm

Haiti Earthquake Occurred in Complex, Active Seismic Region
ScienceDaily (Jan. 14, 2010) — The magnitude 7.0 earthquake that triggered
disastrous destruction and mounting death tolls in Haiti this week occurred in a
highly complex tangle of tectonic faults near the intersection of the Caribbean
and North American crustal plates, according to a quake expert at the Woods Hole.

Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) who has studied faults in the region and throughout
the world.

Jian Lin, a WHOI senior scientist in geology and geophysics, said that even though the
quake was "large but not huge," there were three factors that made it particularly devastating:
First, it was centered just 10 miles southwest of the capital city, Port au Prince; second, the
quake was shallow -- only about 10-15 kilometers below the land's surface; third, and more
importantly, many homes and buildings in the economically poor country were not built to
withstand such a force and collapsed or crumbled.

All of these circumstances made the Jan. 12 earthquake a "worst-case scenario," Lin said.
Preliminary estimates ofthe death toll ranged from thousands to hundreds of thousands.

"IT SHOULD BE A WAKE UP CALL FOR THE ENTIRE CARIBBEAN," SAID LIN.

.........................................................................................
**http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/02/050205102502.htm
Major Caribbean Earthquakes And Tsunamis A Real Risk

A dozen major earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater have occurred in the Caribbean
near Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and
the Dominican Republic, in the past 500 years, and several have generated tsunamis. The
most recent major earthquake, a magnitude 8.1 in 1946, resulted in a tsunami that killed
a reported 1,600 people.


.............................................................................................
***http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/disappearing-world-global-warming-claims-
tropical-island-429764.html

Disappearing world: Global warming claims tropical island

For the first time, an inhabited island has disappeared beneath rising seas. Environment Editor Geoffrey Lean reports

Sunday, 24 December 2006

Rising seas, caused by global warming, have for the first time washed an inhabited island off the face of the Earth. The
obliteration of Lohachara island, in India's part of the Sundarbans where the Ganges and the Brahmaputra rivers empty
into the Bay of Bengal, marks the moment when one of the most apocalyptic predictions of environmentalists and
climate scientists has started coming true.

As the seas continue to swell, they will swallow whole island nations, from the Maldives to the Marshall Islands,
inundate vast areas of countries from Bangladesh to Egypt, and submerge parts of scores of coastal cities.

Eight years ago, as exclusively reported in The Independent on Sunday, the first uninhabited islands - in the Pacific
atoll nation of Kiribati - vanished beneath the waves. The people of low-lying islands in Vanuatu, also in the Pacific,
have been evacuated as a precaution, but the land still juts above the sea. The disappearance of Lohachara, once
home to 10,000 people, is unprecedented.

It has been officially recorded in a six-year study of the Sunderbans by researchers at Calcutta's Jadavpur University.
So remote is the island that the researchers first learned of its submergence, and that of an uninhabited neighboring
island, Suparibhanga, when they saw they had vanished from satellite pictures.

Two-thirds of nearby populated island Ghoramara has also been permanently inundated. Dr Sugata Hazra, director
of the university's School of Oceanographic Studies, says "it is only a matter of some years" before it is swallowed up
too. Dr Hazra says there are now a dozen "vanishing islands" in India's part of the delta. The area's 400 tigers are also
in danger.

Until now the Carteret Islands off Papua New Guinea were expected to be the first populated ones to disappear, in
about eight years' time, but Lohachara has beaten them to the dubious distinction.

Human cost of global warming: Rising seas will soon make 70,000 people homeless

Refugees from the vanished Lohachara island and the disappearing Ghoramara island have fled to Sagar, but this
island has already lost 7,500 acres of land to the sea. In all, a dozen islands, home to 70,000 people, are in danger
of being submerged by the rising seas......

.......................................................................................
**** http://unfccc.int/2860.php
Briefing the press at the end of the two-week conference, Yvo de Boer said an accord has
been reached that has significant elements, but that is not legally binding.

He described the accord as “politically important,” demonstrating a willingness to move
forward.

It brings together a diversity of countries that have put in place a letter of intent with the
ingredients of an architecture for a response to climate change.

The key points of the accord include the objective to keep the maximum temperature rise
to below 2 degrees Celsius; the commitment to list developed country emission reduction
targets and mitigation action by developing countries for 2020; USD 30 billion short-term
funding for immediate action till 2012 and USD 100 billion annually by 2020 in long-term
financing, as well as mechanisms to support technology transfer and forestry.

The challenge now is to turn what is agreed into something that is legally binding in Mexico
one year from now.

..........................................................................................

***** A response to global warming.
"There are no submarine volcanoes in the Caribbean. Therefore, the scenario can't apply."


http://www.thaindian.com/newsp...ibbean_10091179.html


Researchers to explore ‘lost world’ beneath Caribbean

September 1st, 2008 - 5:33 pm ICT by IANS -
London, Sep 1 (IANS) Scientists are set to explore the world’s deepest undersea volcanoes and find out what lives in a ‘lost world’ five kilometres beneath the Caribbean.The team of researchers led by Jon Copley of University of Southampton’s School of Ocean and Earth Science, will explore the Cayman Trough, which lies between Jamaica and the Cayman Islands.

This rift in the Caribbean seafloor plunges to a depth of more than 5,000 metres. It contains the world’s deepest chain of undersea volcanoes, which have yet to be explored.
quote:
Originally posted by Freida:
Well, I shall hold myself up to public ridicule.

It's easy to sneer and jeer. For the sake of conversation, if nothing else, let's take a look at some of the work that has been done in the field. It extends from the
current time back for years.

The earthquake was no surprise.



THE DANNY GLOVER INTERVIEW

FIRST PART of interview called for U.S. and international aid and cooperation.

SECOND PART:

"And I hope we seize this particular moment because what has happened to
Haiti is a threat that could happen any where in the Caribbean to these island
nations, you know." */**

They are all in peril because of global warming. They are all in peril because
of climate change, and we need to (garble). ***

When we did what we did to the Climate Summit in Copenhagen****, this is
a response*****, this is what happens, you know that we have to act now.


FOR CONSIDERATION:
http://www.newscientist.com/ar...-climate-change-may-
trigger-earthquakes-and-volcanoes.html?full=true

Climate change may trigger earthquakes and volcanoes
23 September 2009 by Richard Fisher
Magazine issue 2727. Subscribe and get 4 free issues.

FAR from being the benign figure of mythology, Mother Earth is short-tempered
and volatile. So sensitive in fact, that even slight changes in weather and climate
can rip the planet's crust apart, unleashing the furious might of volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes and landslides.

That's the conclusion of the researchers who got together last week in London at
the conference on Climate Forcing of Geological and Geomorphological Hazards.
It suggests climate change could tip the planet's delicate balance and unleash a
host of geological disasters....



NOTES*:

*http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100114143321.htm

Haiti Earthquake Occurred in Complex, Active Seismic Region
ScienceDaily (Jan. 14, 2010) — The magnitude 7.0 earthquake that triggered
disastrous destruction and mounting death tolls in Haiti this week occurred in a
highly complex tangle of tectonic faults near the intersection of the Caribbean
and North American crustal plates, according to a quake expert at the Woods Hole.

Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) who has studied faults in the region and throughout
the world.

Jian Lin, a WHOI senior scientist in geology and geophysics, said that even though the
quake was "large but not huge," there were three factors that made it particularly devastating:
First, it was centered just 10 miles southwest of the capital city, Port au Prince; second, the
quake was shallow -- only about 10-15 kilometers below the land's surface; third, and more
importantly, many homes and buildings in the economically poor country were not built to
withstand such a force and collapsed or crumbled.

All of these circumstances made the Jan. 12 earthquake a "worst-case scenario," Lin said.
Preliminary estimates ofthe death toll ranged from thousands to hundreds of thousands.

"IT SHOULD BE A WAKE UP CALL FOR THE ENTIRE CARIBBEAN," SAID LIN.

.........................................................................................
**http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/02/050205102502.htm
Major Caribbean Earthquakes And Tsunamis A Real Risk

A dozen major earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater have occurred in the Caribbean
near Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and
the Dominican Republic, in the past 500 years, and several have generated tsunamis. The
most recent major earthquake, a magnitude 8.1 in 1946, resulted in a tsunami that killed
a reported 1,600 people.


.............................................................................................
***http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/disappearing-world-global-warming-claims-
tropical-island-429764.html

Disappearing world: Global warming claims tropical island

For the first time, an inhabited island has disappeared beneath rising seas. Environment Editor Geoffrey Lean reports

Sunday, 24 December 2006

Rising seas, caused by global warming, have for the first time washed an inhabited island off the face of the Earth. The
obliteration of Lohachara island, in India's part of the Sundarbans where the Ganges and the Brahmaputra rivers empty
into the Bay of Bengal, marks the moment when one of the most apocalyptic predictions of environmentalists and
climate scientists has started coming true.

As the seas continue to swell, they will swallow whole island nations, from the Maldives to the Marshall Islands,
inundate vast areas of countries from Bangladesh to Egypt, and submerge parts of scores of coastal cities.

Eight years ago, as exclusively reported in The Independent on Sunday, the first uninhabited islands - in the Pacific
atoll nation of Kiribati - vanished beneath the waves. The people of low-lying islands in Vanuatu, also in the Pacific,
have been evacuated as a precaution, but the land still juts above the sea. The disappearance of Lohachara, once
home to 10,000 people, is unprecedented.

It has been officially recorded in a six-year study of the Sunderbans by researchers at Calcutta's Jadavpur University.
So remote is the island that the researchers first learned of its submergence, and that of an uninhabited neighboring
island, Suparibhanga, when they saw they had vanished from satellite pictures.

Two-thirds of nearby populated island Ghoramara has also been permanently inundated. Dr Sugata Hazra, director
of the university's School of Oceanographic Studies, says "it is only a matter of some years" before it is swallowed up
too. Dr Hazra says there are now a dozen "vanishing islands" in India's part of the delta. The area's 400 tigers are also
in danger.

Until now the Carteret Islands off Papua New Guinea were expected to be the first populated ones to disappear, in
about eight years' time, but Lohachara has beaten them to the dubious distinction.

Human cost of global warming: Rising seas will soon make 70,000 people homeless

Refugees from the vanished Lohachara island and the disappearing Ghoramara island have fled to Sagar, but this
island has already lost 7,500 acres of land to the sea. In all, a dozen islands, home to 70,000 people, are in danger
of being submerged by the rising seas......

.......................................................................................
**** http://unfccc.int/2860.php
Briefing the press at the end of the two-week conference, Yvo de Boer said an accord has
been reached that has significant elements, but that is not legally binding.

He described the accord as “politically important,” demonstrating a willingness to move
forward.

It brings together a diversity of countries that have put in place a letter of intent with the
ingredients of an architecture for a response to climate change.

The key points of the accord include the objective to keep the maximum temperature rise
to below 2 degrees Celsius; the commitment to list developed country emission reduction
targets and mitigation action by developing countries for 2020; USD 30 billion short-term
funding for immediate action till 2012 and USD 100 billion annually by 2020 in long-term
financing, as well as mechanisms to support technology transfer and forestry.

The challenge now is to turn what is agreed into something that is legally binding in Mexico
one year from now.

..........................................................................................

***** A response to global warming.



Indian Ocean - sea levels falling
______________________________



In 2003, Nils-Axel Mörner and his colleagues (see below) pub-
lished a well-documented paper showing that sea levels in the
Maldives have fallen substantially – fallen! – in the last 30 years.
I find it curious that we haven't heard about this.
"The Maldives in the central Indian Ocean consist of some 1,200
individual islands grouped in about 20 larger atolls," says Mörner.
In-as-much as the islands rise only three to seven feet above sea
level, they have been condemned by the IPCC to flooding in the
near future.

Mörner disagrees with this scenario. "In our study of the coastal
dynamics and the geomorphology of the shores," writes Mörner,
"we were unable to detect any traces of a recent sea level rise.
On the contrary, we found quite clear morphological indications
of a recent fall in sea level."

Mörner’s group found that sea levels stood about 60 cm higher
around A.D. 1150 than today, and more recently, about 30 cm
higher than today.

"From the shape and freshness," Mörner says, "one would assume
that the sea level fall took place in the last 50 years, or so."

In the last 50 years!

I find it difficult to understand how the IPCC could have missed
this information - unless they did it deliberately.

All they had to do was ask the locals.

"Local people report that the dhonis (local fishing boats) could pass
straight across theMaduvvare Falhus thila in the 1970s and 1980s,"
Mörner reports, "whilst they in the last 15 years have had to make
a detour around the thila, because it is now too shallow. The thila
has not grown, so it must be the sea that has fallen."

"In the IPCC scenarios," Mörner concludes, "the Maldives were
condemned to disappear in the near future." "Our documentation
of actual field evidence contradicts this hypothesis."

From "New perspectives for the future of the Maldives"
Nils-Axel Mörner, Michael Tooley, and Göran Possnert,
Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 40, Issues 1-2,
Jan 2004, pp 177-182


Nils-Axel Mörner, Paleogeophysics and Geodynamics,
Stockholm University, Sweden

Michael Tooley, Geography and Archaelogy,
University of Durham, Durham, UK

Göran Possnert, The Angstrom Laboratory,
Uppsala University, Sweden

http://www.iceagenow.com/India...vels_are_falling.htm


For graphics see: http://wattsupwiththat.files.w...2009/03/maldives.jpg
Nils-Axel Mörner report 2003. - Update.


How sea level rise has affected the Maldives
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7945877.stm (2009)


For the first time, an inhabited island has disappeared beneath rising seas.
Environment Editor Geoffrey Lean reports
http://www.independent.co.uk/e...change/disappearing-
world-global-warming-claims-tropical-island-429764.html (2006)


Mean Sea Level Change (1993 to 2008, NASA data)
http://colli239.fts.educ.msu.e...change-1993-to-2008/


Nils-Axel Mörner (Interesting fellow.)
http://www.desmogblog.com/nils-axel-morner
http://littlegreenfootballs.co...Kook_Lies_About_Lies
quote:
Originally posted by Freida:
By all means blame the victim! Even the small children need to be punished. And do so by calling up your own form of ignorant, superstitious nonsense.


I look for obama to try for statehood for haiti so as to add them to our already bloated welfare state. Since the haitian immigrants main contribution to America is murder and the drug trade, maybe it wouldn't be such a bad idea. Anything to keep them from coming here.
quote:
Originally posted by justice:
It was an earthquake and i feel sorry for the victims and families but how can a Dummy like Robertson blame it on GOD or THE DEVIL.That's as dumb as saying god let the colts win a ball game,If there is a god he aint worried about anything going on here on earth now.


Many, many people, including many, many preachers, blame God for bad things.
We are told in Scripture that "All Good things come down from the Father of Lights"
God is NOT the author of chaos. "God didn't give us a spirit of Fear, but of Power and Love".
Pat Robertson is just trying to make financial hay out of other's suffering.
Maybe he should send them some of his "god juice" so they can drink it and lift 3000 pounds with their legs and they could get together and "leg lift" their buildings off the suffering . Wink

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